Cold War Era | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the 'Cold War Era', it draws a major contrast between the Cuban missile crisis and alliance politics at the global stage. It also highlights the arenas of the cold war and other proxy wars that happened. The chapter also analyses the 'New International Economic Order'. __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction Cuban Missile Crisis In April 1961, the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was concerned...
8 min read →The End of Bipolarity | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the soviet system and the disintegration of the USSR. It also highlights the eastern and western alliance: Warsaw And NATO. The chapter also describes the shock therapy and its consequences. __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The Berlin Wall And the unification of "Germany" In 1989, the people of Berlin took down the Berlin Wall, which had been constructed during the Cold War and served as its most...
14 min read →US Hegemony In World Politics | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the US Hegemony. It analyses what makes the United States a superpower also the cultural, economic and military aspects of the US Hegemony. We also highlight the constraints on American Power. __________________________________________________________________________________ An Introduction to 'US Hegemony' What is Hegemony? Hegemony is the Political, Economic or military predominance or control of one state over others. The dominant state is known as...
10 min read →Alternative Centres Of Power | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the different political structures: The European Union (EU) and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). We also highlight the EU's influence in various aspects and the rise of the Chinese economy. __________________________________________________________________________________ The Emergence of Different Political Structures It became crystal clear that America's dominance over the world would be threatened by the alternative centres of...
9 min read →Contemporary South Asia | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the geopolitics of South-Asia. It talks about all the role players in the region and their political relations with each other. We also highlight India's relation with all the neighbouring states. __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction To South Asia How is South Asia defined? South Asia is defined as a subcontinent located in the southernmost part of Asia comprising Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the...
12 min read →International Organisations | Class 12 Political Science Notes
The chapter introduces students to the major political International Organisations and the role they play in International Politics. We also highlight the various structures of the United Nations and the formation of the League of Nations, IMF, World Bank, IAEA etc. ____________________________________________________ Introduction to International Organisations What is an International Organisation? An 'International Organisation' is a legal entity established at the international level by a...
11 min read →Security in the Contemporary World | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter Introduces students to different notions of Security: Traditional and Non-Traditional. We also highlight cooperation among various states in arms control through various arms control treaties and the New sources of threats. __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction What is Security? The term "security" refers to the absence of threats. Human life and the life of a country are both fraught with dangers. Every time a person...
10 min read →Environment And Natural Resources | Class 12 Political Science
The Chapter Introduces Student Environmental Concerns In Global Politics. It also highlights the common Property resources and the rights of the indigenous people. The chapter also mentions the global commons and their relevance in contemporary world politics. ____________________________________________________ Environmental Concerns In Global Politics What are the current environmental concerns? Until recently, 'global politics' was only considered in a limited sense: wars and treaties, the...
14 min read →Globalisation | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter Introduces students to the political, economic and cultural consequences of globalisation. It analyses what role it plays in boosting the overall growth of the states in global politics. We also highlight India's contribution at the global stage. __________________________________________________________________________________ What is Globalisation? Globalisation is the interaction and integration of people, businesses, and governments all over the world. It is a type of...
6 min read →Challenges of Nation Building | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the challenges faced by Independent India. It outlines all the challenges of nation building. The chapter also highlights the problem and the demands of the princely states that they made before signing the instrument of accession. __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The first few years in the life of Independent India were full of Challenges. Some of the most pressing ones concerned the national...
11 min read →Era Of One Party Dominance | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the era of one party dominance in Indian Politics. It also talks about the challenges of building a democracy, and how the other opposition parties emerged in the political picture other than the Congress. We also highlight various political parties: Swatantra Party, Communist Party Of India. __________________________________________________________________________________ Challenges In Building Democracy What were the Challenges in Building Democracy?...
11 min read →Politics of Planned Development | Class 12 Political Science Notes
The chapter Introduces students to the development that took place in structuring Indian Politics. It talks about the planned development and the establishment of the Planning Commission. The chapter explains the five year plans and the 'Green Revolution'. __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction As the global demand of the steel increased, the state of Orissa was seen as an important investment destination due to the largest reserves of...
13 min read →India's External Relations | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to India's external relations and its foreign Policy. It also highlights the policy of Non-Alignment, the Afro-Asian Unity and the role played by India in the Bangladesh War of 1971. The chapter also talks about the Chinese invasion and the Indo-Pakistan war. __________________________________________________________________________________ International Context India was born and grew up in a very challenging global environment, there were many countries that...
11 min read →Challenges To And the Restoration of The Congress System | Class 12 Political Science
The Chapter introduces students to the challenges that came across in the restoration of the Congress system in Indian politics. It describes the multi dimensional political phase after Nehru. We also highlight the various general elections and the presidential elections and other interesting developments. __________________________________________________________________________________ Political Succession After Nehru What was the Challenge to Political Succession after Nehru? After the...
12 min read →The Crisis of Democratic Order | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter Introduces students to the time when Indian Politics witnessed a rift between Indra Gandhi and the other prominent leaders. We also highlight the most iconic era of Indian Politics, the Emergency Era. The chapter analyses the consequences and the causes of the emergency. __________________________________________________________________________________ Conflict Among The Two Pillars Indira Gandhi had risen to prominence as a leader. This was also a period of intense party...
14 min read →Rise of Popular Movements | Class 12 Political Science
The Chapter introduces students to the various movements: Party Based & Non- Party Based. We also highlight various movements like Anti-Arrack, Bhartiya Kisan Union and their consequences. __________________________________________________________________________________ Popular Movements What are Popular Movements and How Do They Work? After three decades of freedom, the populace had grown impatient. Their dissatisfaction manifested in a variety of ways. Throughout the 1970s, several...
16 min read →Regional Aspirations | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the various political aspirations of the regions in the Indian SubContinent. The chapter talks about nation building, and the regional autonomy that the regions demanded. We also highlight various accords that took place: Punjab, North-East etc. __________________________________________________________________________________ Nation Building Building a nation is not something that can be achieved once and for all. Every time, new hurdles arose, as well as...
16 min read →Recent Developments In Indian Politics | Class 12 Political Science
The chapter introduces students to the major political developments happening in Indian Politics. It highlights the political dimensions that changed after the prime minister Indra Gandhi. The chapter outlines the Alliance politics and the Congress system. __________________________________________________________________________________ What kind of political changes occurred after Indira Gandhi? Following Indira Gandhi's assassination, Rajiv Gandhi was elected Prime Minister. In the Lok...
9 min read →