From The Beginning Of Time | Class 11 History Notes
The chapter introduces students to the origins of human beings and to the story of human evolution. The chapter makes a contrast between early and modern human beings. We also highlight the early encounters with hunter-gatherers in Africa. Fossils: The remains or impressions of a very old plant, animal or human which have turned into stone. These are often embedded in rock and are thus preserved for millions of years. Species: Species is a group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile...
11 min read →Writing and City Life | Class 11 History
The chapter introduces students to Mesopotamian culture, geography etc. It also enlists the development and the importance of writing. We also highlight the urbanisation process that began in southern Mesopotamia. What is Mesopotamia? Mesopotamia comes from the Greek words Mesos, which means middle, and potamos, which means river. The territory is located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that is now part of Iraq's Republic Mesopotamian Civilisation Mesopotamian civilization is known...
9 min read →An Empire Across Three Continents | Class 11 History
The chapter introduces students to one of the greatest empires: The Roman Empire, here we understand the geographical & political history of the roman empire. We also highlight the Sasanians empire and its political & Social hierarchies. The Roman & Iranian Empire There had been a great deal to contend with, as both the Romans and the Iranians were bitter rivals who fought for the majority of their history. Their empires were divided only by a narrow strip of land parallel to the Euphrates...
15 min read →The Central Islamic Lands | Class 11 History Notes
The chapter introduces students to the origins and the founder of Islam: Prophet Muhammed. It also enlists the major Islamic sects and their faith, communities and practices. We also highlight the Abbasids revolution and various caliphates. Faith, Community & Politics The Origin Of Islam roots in the time during 612-32. The Prophet Muhammad preached the worship of a single God, Allah, to the membership of a single community of believers (umma). Who was Prophet Muhammad? Muhammad is credited...
17 min read →Nomadic Empires | Class 11 History Notes
The chapter introduces students to the great empires in the Euro-Asian continent. The chapter explains their vast political and social structures. We also highlight the Mongol Empire and its social, political and military background. The Great Empires In The Euro Asian Continent In the early thirteenth century, the great empires of the Euro-Asian continent recognised the dangers Genghis Khan posed. His vision as a political leader extended far beyond the establishment of a Mongol confederacy....
11 min read →The Three Orders | Class 11 History
The chapter introduces the students to the three orders or the three social categories: Christian priests, landowning nobles and peasants. We also highlight the new agricultural technologies and many other Germanic tribes of France & England. The Rise of Christianity After the fall of the Roman Empire, a group of Germanic people from eastern and central Europe settled in regions of Italy, Spain, and France. The Social organisation was dictated by land ownership, also it was a synthesis of...
16 min read →Changing Cultural Traditions | Class 11 History
The chapter introduces students to European history and specifically the Renaissance that talks about the cultural shift. We also highlight the Arab's contribution in the field of science and philosophy. Cultural Evolution What are the sources to understand European History? European history can be deciphered using a variety of sources such as documents, printed books, sculptures, architecture, and textiles. ● Much of this has been meticulously preserved in archives, art galleries, and...
13 min read →Confrontations of Cultures | Class 11 History
The chapter introduces students to the state systems of central and south America. The chapter also talks about various civilisations like Aztecs, Mayas & Incas and their agricultural practices, building techniques and organisational structure. We also highlight the voyage and the findings of Cristopher Columbus. Discovering The 'Indies' Who was Christopher Columbus? Christopher Columbus, a well-known Italian explorer and traveller, began his journey to the west in 1942, with the support of...
21 min read →The Industrial Revolution | Class 11 History
The chapter introduces students to the industrial revolution that happened in Britain during the 1780s and 1850s. The chapter talks about all types of development that took place. We also highlight how the revolution impacted the lives of people and what were its consequences. The Significance of the Revolution It was used between the 1780s and 1850s to describe the transformation of British industries and the economy. Later, many European and American countries experienced similar...
16 min read →Displacing Indigenous Peoples | Class 11 History Notes
The chapter introduces students to the times when colonisation in America began. It also talks about the Australian territories and the slave culture that was much prevalent in many parts of the continent. We also highlight various forms of Christianity and tribes of the different lands. Introduction In the 18th century, a large number of European migrants settled in parts of South, Central, and North America, as well as South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, resulting in the formation of...
13 min read →Paths To Modernisation | Class 11 History
The chapter Introduces students to the era of Chinese dominance in the East-Asian region. The chapter also talks about the role of Japanese power and its influence. We also highlight the challenges faced by the Chinese in redefining their tradition along with the Russo-Japanese war. Introduction Historically, Asia's east was controlled by China in the 1800s. At the height of the Qing dynasty, Japan seemed to be cut off from the rest of the world. However, China's Imperial government only...
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